Culture of mantle epithelial cells expressing shell matrix proteins from scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

ABSTRACT:   In molluscs, mantle epithelial cells secrete organic matrix proteins to form shells. In this study, we established a culture of mantle epithelial cells by using the mantle pallial layer of scallops. We aimed to identify the mantle epithelial cells expressing scallop shell matrix proteins and establish a culture system of epithelial cells. After the mantle pallial layer was carefully isolated from the mantle tissue, explant culture was performed at 4°C. Most cells that migrated from the explant tissue were round cells. Most of the adhered cells retained round morphology, while some of the cells adhered to the dish and showed morphology similar to that of epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells. When the cultured cells were immunostained with a polyclonal antibody against the shell matrix protein, the antibody recognized many of the adhered cells. An estimation of the number of epithelial cells revealed that approximately 70% of the adhered cells were epithelial cells. This is the first report to describe epithelial cells in cultured mantle cells, which express shell matrix proteins. This culture system may be a useful method for characterization of the mantle epithelial cells.     

Optimizing intertidal Pacific oyster (Thunberg) culture, Houhora Harbour, northern New Zealand

Experiments were designed to determine the optimum intertidal rack height and growing density for producing Pacific oysters free of mudworm infestations and flatworm predators in the Houhora Harbour, northern New Zealand. At the same level, oysters grew to a larger size in the front of the farm (seaward) compared with those towards the rear (shoreward). Two experimental ‘step racks’ were constructed to test for the optimum oyster growth rates, oyster condition, shell density and degree of mudworm shell blistering. When experimental results were ranked for each rack level, extreme low water neap (ELWN) was the optimum growing level for the back of the farm, and 0.25 m above ELWN was the optimum growing level for the front of the farm. An efficient kill of flatworm predators was not achieved by any of the control methods tried, so avoidance of infestations is advised. The optimum density of oysters on a 1.2‐m stick required to achieve maximum condition, shell density and ideal shell shape was 4–5 dozen.     

淡水小龙虾头中甲壳素的EDTA法提取工艺研究

以淡水小龙虾头为原料,采用EDTA法提取甲壳素,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验筛选最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明:以13%的EDTA溶液作提取溶剂,在反应温度30℃、pH 12、投料比1∶15、反应25 min的条件下,提取效果最佳,提取率达24.05%,反应前后的脱钙和脱蛋白率分别为100.0%和98.6%。     

稚幼鲍微囊饲料对鲍苗免疫和生长的影响

以市售粉态鲍苗饲料作对照,传统鲍苗生产模式下,研究稚幼鲍微囊配合饲料对鲍苗非特异性免疫生化活性及生长特性的影响.试验设对照组、试验组(31％的稚幼鲍微胶囊饲料+69％对照料),为期137 d,测定鲍苗壳长及非特异性免疫指标.结果表明:试验组鲍苗的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活力均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);溶菌酶(LZM)含量略高于对照组,差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验组和对照组鲍苗壳长日增长分别达到(83.23士3.41)μm·d-1和(70.91士5.77)μm·d-1,差异显著(P＜0.05);试验组鲍苗壳长变异系数低于对照组,鲍苗规格较整齐.试验结果表明,稚幼鲍微囊饲料对杂交鲍苗有免疫增强、减少鲍苗死亡和促生长的效能.稚幼鲍微胶囊饲料对鲍苗的促生长效应在饲喂后的71 d左右较明显.     

核桃壳提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

为明确核桃壳提取物体外抗氧化活性,测定核桃壳乙醇提取物及其氯仿相对DPPH·、·OH、H2O2和O2-·的清除率及总抗氧化能力。核桃壳乙醇提取物及其氯仿相具有清除DPPH·、·OH、H2O2、O2-·的能力,且具有一定的还原能力;当样品浓度为2mg·mL-1时,核桃壳乙醇提取物对DPPH·、·OH、H2O2、O2-·的清除能力分别为84.91%、22.98%、33.54%、80.36%,还原力为1.971;其氯仿相对DPPH·、·OH、H2O2、O2-·的清除能力分别为93.42%、49.89%、47.58%、90.64%,还原力为0.998。在试验浓度范围内抗氧化能力与提取物浓度呈正相关,核桃壳乙醇提取物及其氯仿相具有体外抗氧化活性。     

花生施用牡蛎壳粉效果试验初报

田间试验表明：花生施用牡蛎壳粉能有效降低花生空秕率,提高花生产量,从而提高经济效益,尤其是NPK＋猪粪＋牡蛎壳粉处理的花生产量、总生物量和经济效益最高,与单施NPK肥相比,分别提高了22.6%、26.7%和9.3%。     

浙江桂幼龄材的生长特性及主要材性

以3株6年生浙江桂幼龄材为试材,研究了其生物量、材积、基本物理力学性能及生长轮的宽度、纤维长度、宽度、微纤丝角和结晶度的径向变异规律。结果表明,浙江桂幼龄材单株平均总生物量27.93 kg,平均材积0.0124 m3,生长轮平均宽度9.15 mm（3.12~10.57 mm）,基本密度为0.414 g/ cm3,除髓心外其余各生长轮宽度和密度无明显差异,反映浙江桂生长较为稳定;顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和弹性模量等物理力学综合性能中上等;纤维长度为830.6μm（581~1043μm）,纤维宽度为23.6μm（21~24μm）,结晶度为38.46％~58.43％,微纤丝角为13.6°~24.6°;纤维长度、宽度和结晶度自髓心向外逐渐增加,微纤丝角自髓心向外逐渐减小,结晶度与纤维长度、宽度间相关性极显著。     

YOGA护眼疗法对青少年假性近视的疗效观察

目的观察YOGA护眼疗法对青少年假性近视的临床疗效．方法将符合纳入标准的136名7～15岁青少年假性近视患者作为研究对象,YOGA护眼疗法为试验组,眼保健操组为对照组,比较两组研究对象视力恢复情况．结果对照组3个月后视力高于试验前,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;试验组3个月后视力高于试验前,差异非常显著,具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;试验组3个月后治疗效果明显高于对照组试验后,两组疗效差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,结论通过YOGA护眼疗法练习的试验组恢复效果明显高于对照组及试验前,表明YOGA护眼疗法对青少年假性近视恢复具有显著疗效．     

Optimal dietary taurine level for growth of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

The requirement for taurine in juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was determined by feeding diets containing various levels of taurine and cystine. Test diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of taurine or with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of L -cystine were prepared. The basal diet contained 55% protein from white fish meal. These diets were fed to juvenile Japanese flounder with an initial mean bodyweight of 0.9 g (total length (TL) 48 mm) for 5 weeks. Approximately 1.4% taurine content in the diet was required for optimum growth of juvenile flounder. A positive linear relationship was noted between the content of taurine accumulated in the muscle, liver and brain and the level of taurine in the diet. However, there was no increased taurine content in tissues of fish fed the cystine-supplemented diet. In contrast, the fish fed control and cystine-supplemented diets showed higher contents of cystathionine in the tissues. The concentration of cystathionine in tissues rapidly decreased with an increase of taurine in the diet. It was also observed that for each of the dietary groups, a trace amount of taurine was excreted. These results suggest that the taurine content in the diet affects the sulfur amino acid metabolism of juvenile Japanese flounder, and indicate that juvenile flounder are unable to biosynthesize taurine from cystine.     

基于无线传感网络的海参苗养殖环境监测系统的研究

本文通过分析海参苗养殖现状,设计了一种基于无线传感网络的海参苗养殖环境监测系统。通过在监测区域部署传感器节点,监测养殖池中的的温度、盐度、溶解氧及水位等环境参数。将检测到的数据无线发射到远程监测软件,监测软件将分析结果反馈给末端执行机构,实现对养殖池环境的实时监控。本文从系统结构和数据传输等方面进行了阐述,对海参苗养殖的自动化生产提供了一种有效可行、成本较低的解决方案。